INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
CAUSES OF REVOLUTION-Most people wanted to make a bigger profit. Changing from farming to working in mines called for a bigger profit.
-Some people wanted to learn more about the outside world. Families who worked on farms usually didn't visit very many people, unless they were trading with nearby neighbors. In cities, they could meet all different types of people, especially since the people in the industrial cities came from all types of cultural backgrounds. -As farming became popular, less farmers were needed, which caused the farmers to look for new jobs. Farming took a lot of physical work, and since machines were used in factories and mines, farmers decided that it might be easier to work there. -Places who had some of the elements of industrialization were bound to cause an industrial revolution. For example, England was the first to start to industrialize, and this was probably because England had many natural resources, large labor force, available capital, new markets, and a favorable government. -New technologies also were another cause for the revolution. New technologies encouraged entrepreneurs because they offered easier ways to get work done. They also helped by aiding new sources of energy and materials. | CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVOLUTION -Urbanization (See section "Urbanization" below)
-New social classes (Bourgeoisie and Working Class) -Child Labor -Hunger/starvation, diseases, and overcrowding (for Working Class) -1,815 people died in major north-east industrial cities. -Large profits (For Middle Class) - Because of the popularity of an industrial society, this also caused for colonization in Africa (See Africa Page) -Too muching mining caused the nutrients in soil to take a couple years of time to officially recover. -The excessive burning of coal caused air pollution. -Global warming |
HOW EUROPE BECAME POWERFUL
Europe became powerful because they created efficient machines during the industrial revolution. Because of the inventions, they were able to make a lot o good, the were eventually traded as profit or other goods from other countries. After the Industrial Revolution Europe's economy had improved to a totally different level.
Before the Industrial Revolution
-Majority of England's population lived in small farming villages
-They spent most of their working on farms
-Most of the time people harvest food for themselves as a way of staying alive
-They didn't use machines
-They lives in small "cottages" with usually only candles to produce light
-They typically only traded crops with neighbors
-Didn't earn much profit
-They even made their own clothing
-Barely knew anyone because the farms were so spread out and they were always working
-Farming took skill and hard work
-They spent most of their working on farms
-Most of the time people harvest food for themselves as a way of staying alive
-They didn't use machines
-They lives in small "cottages" with usually only candles to produce light
-They typically only traded crops with neighbors
-Didn't earn much profit
-They even made their own clothing
-Barely knew anyone because the farms were so spread out and they were always working
-Farming took skill and hard work
5 Keys for a Industrialization
#1. Natural Resources
-Coal: Ultimate power source; used to develop and the steam engine (see James Watt below) and machines. It's also used to produce iron, and seperate iron from its ore.
-Rivers/Harbors: Supplies water, allowed canals to be created, transportation, cheap and convenient for trading routes.
-Iron ore: Helps produce parts of the steam engine and machines (for example, railroad tracks).
-Rivers/Harbors: Supplies water, allowed canals to be created, transportation, cheap and convenient for trading routes.
-Iron ore: Helps produce parts of the steam engine and machines (for example, railroad tracks).
#2. Large Labor Force
-Industrialization requires a lot of work
-Workers are needed
-Industies in cities allowed many people to live and work in cities
-More people wanted to move from farming to industry because a larger profit was involved
-Less diseases
Why did people want to work in industries instead of farms?
People wanted to work in industries instead of farms, because farms required a lot of hard work, and since industries were runned by machines, it didn't require much skill.
-Workers are needed
-Industies in cities allowed many people to live and work in cities
-More people wanted to move from farming to industry because a larger profit was involved
-Less diseases
Why did people want to work in industries instead of farms?
People wanted to work in industries instead of farms, because farms required a lot of hard work, and since industries were runned by machines, it didn't require much skill.
#3. Availibility of Capital and Demand
-Availibility was important to an industrial society because there needed to be a capital
-The products that the people in the factories were making also needed to be in high demand, otherwise people wouldn't buy them.
-People were interested in an industrial society, so the population went up, which made the demand increase!
- Starting an industry involved a lot of money
-Needed money to give to enterprises
-The enterprises usually had to do with shipping, mining, railroad, or factories.
-Trading was the min cause for boosting economies
-The products that the people in the factories were making also needed to be in high demand, otherwise people wouldn't buy them.
-People were interested in an industrial society, so the population went up, which made the demand increase!
- Starting an industry involved a lot of money
-Needed money to give to enterprises
-The enterprises usually had to do with shipping, mining, railroad, or factories.
-Trading was the min cause for boosting economies
#4. Markets
-"Advertise" goods
-Colonies are the best for markets
-Trade with other countries
-Earns profit
-Other countries buy goods that were made in that country, which allow you to either earn money from them, or to trade for something else.
-Colonies are the best for markets
-Trade with other countries
-Earns profit
-Other countries buy goods that were made in that country, which allow you to either earn money from them, or to trade for something else.
#5. Favorable Government
-Stable/Faborable is needed to have an industrial society.
-Favorable governments usually:
1. Support economic growth
2. Have a strong navy to protect goods, rivers, and harbors
3. Allow entrepenurs
4. Have laws to lower taxes
-Favorable governments usually:
1. Support economic growth
2. Have a strong navy to protect goods, rivers, and harbors
3. Allow entrepenurs
4. Have laws to lower taxes
England!
-England has many natural resources (coal, iron ore, harbors/rivers), a large labor force, avalibility of a capital and demand, markets, and a favorable government.
-This is where the Industrial Revolutions started.
-Industrial Revolutions ranged from years 1750-1850
-England's main industries were the iron industry and the textile industry.
-Iron was the starting material of the Industrial Revolution
-This was because iron made all the machines used in industries
- Abraham Darby III built the world's first bridge made of iron.
-Iron also helped make railroads, which later became very profitable because railroads became the main why of transportation.
-The Textile Industry was England's biggest Industry
-Clothing was in very high demand, especially in other countries.
-The Textile Industry called for the most unique inventions of all.
-This is where the Industrial Revolutions started.
-Industrial Revolutions ranged from years 1750-1850
-England's main industries were the iron industry and the textile industry.
-Iron was the starting material of the Industrial Revolution
-This was because iron made all the machines used in industries
- Abraham Darby III built the world's first bridge made of iron.
-Iron also helped make railroads, which later became very profitable because railroads became the main why of transportation.
-The Textile Industry was England's biggest Industry
-Clothing was in very high demand, especially in other countries.
-The Textile Industry called for the most unique inventions of all.
Inventions during Industrial Revolution
Urbanization
-As industries became more and more popular, more people escaped from the farming life and decided to work in industries.
-Since industries were in cities, towns turned into cities.
-For example, in Manchester...
Population Year
17,000 1750
40,000 1780
70,000 1801
As you can see, the population doubled in just 30 years, and almost doubled from that amount only 20 years later.
-Other reasons that people moved to cities was because of the change in farming, increase in population, and high demand.
-Because of all the new industries and increase in population, the people and labor had shifted.
-Since industries were in cities, towns turned into cities.
-For example, in Manchester...
Population Year
17,000 1750
40,000 1780
70,000 1801
As you can see, the population doubled in just 30 years, and almost doubled from that amount only 20 years later.
-Other reasons that people moved to cities was because of the change in farming, increase in population, and high demand.
-Because of all the new industries and increase in population, the people and labor had shifted.
New Social Classes
-The Industrial Revolution introduced a large middle class and working class.
Middle Class (Bourgeoisie)-Usually owned the industries (factories, railroads, etc...)
-They worked in the industries, but their life was nearly as tough as the working class. -Most women didn't even have to work, they stayed home to raise their children. -Diverse, different cultrual backgrounds -The middle class usually consisted of merchants that work in factories, or inventors and skilled artisans that made new technology. -Their homes were advanced (Furnished, paved streets, and even water supply) -Expensive clothing -Ate fancy food -Didn't show any care for the lower class -Benefit from the revolution because they are the ones earning all the profit. | Working Class-Usually farmers that moved into the city.
-Tough working conditions -The workforce included all ages, even children. -Lived in tenements, which were very small apartments with no running water, no sewage system, or no sanitation system. -Having no sanitation system resulted in a terrible disease called cholera (you get cholera by drinking contaminated water) -Labor unions weren't allowed (an assembly of the workforce) -The working class revolted from about 1811 to 1813. -Luddites (groups of textile workers) basically went on strike. They smashed machines and burned factories. -As the workers suffered, they started to regain their faith. -The created a religious movement called Methodism. -Methodist preachers taught the workers how to read and write, and also read from the bible. Factories: -Working hours were normally from about 12-16 hours per day, and they worked 6-7 days per week. -No safety devices -Sick/injured from the lint in the air -More women worked than men -Women were paid half of what the men were paid -Families struggled just to survive. Mines: -Dark -Paid more than factory workers -Many dangers, such as, flooding, exploding, and collapsing tunnels. Child Labor: -Mostly started working at ages 7-8, but some start when they're just 5 years old. -Work in mines, factories, and textile mills. -In the mills, they repair machines and operate them -Dark all day -Extreme heat -In the early 1800s "Factory Acts" were passed, but Britain didn't start following those laws until about 1830 to 1840. |