THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
-1794
- People began to believe that everything could be changed
- Most important event in Western History
- Led to Industrial Revolution
- Got rid of Feudalism, Christianity, Catholic Church, King, etc.
- Began Age of Enlightenment
- Uprising
- People began to believe that everything could be changed
- Most important event in Western History
- Led to Industrial Revolution
- Got rid of Feudalism, Christianity, Catholic Church, King, etc.
- Began Age of Enlightenment
- Uprising
Louis XIV
- Builds Versailles
- Outside Paris (about 12 Miles)
- Lost the Seven-Years War
- Fought so many wars that he put France into debt
- Fewer dying →More Hungry
- Dies of Smallpox
- Outside Paris (about 12 Miles)
- Lost the Seven-Years War
- Fought so many wars that he put France into debt
- Fewer dying →More Hungry
- Dies of Smallpox
Louis XV
- Could not solve Franc’s Problems from Louis XIV
- Runs country even farther into the ground
- Makes it very hard for Louis XVI
- Runs country even farther into the ground
- Makes it very hard for Louis XVI
Louis XVI
- Marries Marie Antoinette (Austrian) at age 15
- Attempt to bring France and Austria together
- At 20 years old, he becomes the King
- He was unprepared
- His rule sparked Age of Enlightenment
- People didn’t trust anyone
- New ideas- Liberty, Freedom, Equality, etc.
- U.S. Helps the people revolt against the royals
- They were experienced from the American Revolution
- Attempt to bring France and Austria together
- At 20 years old, he becomes the King
- He was unprepared
- His rule sparked Age of Enlightenment
- People didn’t trust anyone
- New ideas- Liberty, Freedom, Equality, etc.
- U.S. Helps the people revolt against the royals
- They were experienced from the American Revolution
Marie Antoinette
- Marie Loved FASHION!
- She is noted for her enormous hair and ridiculous hats and costumes
- While the people of her country suffered, she wasted their tax dollar money on her luxuries
- Spoke down to her own people
- She won the people over when she first became Queen but people soon realized that she was throwing their tax dollars down the drain on her own luxuries.
"I have seen and I wanted to dedicate one of the most extraordinary & the most horrible events which a witness may be the French in his homeland. I thought I could substitute M. de Calonne to his letter to the King, where he used to say in the month of February, with as much energy as truth: SEE WHAT YOU WERE, AND SEE WHAT YOU ARE, than it not might add today? ....
I will not say a word about the composition of this style & ouvgage; s'appercevra it easily, no doubt, that I studied in this piece to bring all the most beautiful situations of our most famous tragic, I often have even taken to integers, imitated many others, and almost every scene always reminded by one of the first lines of the one against which I dared suggest that I joust. The public may well find me bold; connoisseurs will judge whether I succeeded."
- Quote from an anonymous pamphlet released during the Revolution
- Although Marie Antoinette was overwhelmed at the graciousness of the poor people when she entered France, despite their outrageous taxes, she proceeds to do nothing to help them
"As for honors, we received all that we could possibly imagine; but they, though very well in their way, were not what touched me most. What was really affecting was the tenderness and earnestness of the poor people, who, in spite of the taxes with which they are overwhelmed, were transported with joy at seeing us. When we went to walk in the Tuileries, there was so vast a crowd that we were three-quarters of an hour without being able to move either forward or backward."
- Marie Antoinette writing a letter to her mother days after entering the country
- She is noted for her enormous hair and ridiculous hats and costumes
- While the people of her country suffered, she wasted their tax dollar money on her luxuries
- Spoke down to her own people
- She won the people over when she first became Queen but people soon realized that she was throwing their tax dollars down the drain on her own luxuries.
"I have seen and I wanted to dedicate one of the most extraordinary & the most horrible events which a witness may be the French in his homeland. I thought I could substitute M. de Calonne to his letter to the King, where he used to say in the month of February, with as much energy as truth: SEE WHAT YOU WERE, AND SEE WHAT YOU ARE, than it not might add today? ....
I will not say a word about the composition of this style & ouvgage; s'appercevra it easily, no doubt, that I studied in this piece to bring all the most beautiful situations of our most famous tragic, I often have even taken to integers, imitated many others, and almost every scene always reminded by one of the first lines of the one against which I dared suggest that I joust. The public may well find me bold; connoisseurs will judge whether I succeeded."
- Quote from an anonymous pamphlet released during the Revolution
- Although Marie Antoinette was overwhelmed at the graciousness of the poor people when she entered France, despite their outrageous taxes, she proceeds to do nothing to help them
"As for honors, we received all that we could possibly imagine; but they, though very well in their way, were not what touched me most. What was really affecting was the tenderness and earnestness of the poor people, who, in spite of the taxes with which they are overwhelmed, were transported with joy at seeing us. When we went to walk in the Tuileries, there was so vast a crowd that we were three-quarters of an hour without being able to move either forward or backward."
- Marie Antoinette writing a letter to her mother days after entering the country
Money and Tax Issues
- From all of the wars that France had been in, they were in serious debt
- To make up for this loss of money, they taxed the people
- In 1788, the three estates (Clergy, Nobles, and the Common People) are called to the Estates
- General- had not met in 175 Years
- Meets on a Tennis Court at Versailles
- 3rd Estate breaks away and renames the “Estates-General” to National Assembly
- Makes a Tennis Court Oath to never stop meeting until France is given a Constitution
“Go tell your master that we are here by the will of the people, and that we shall be removed only by the point of the bayonet!“
-Mirabeau During the Revolution
- This was said to a Messenger sent by the King telling the Assembly to leave
- Fear that Louis will attack the Assembly
- The rioters travel to the Dungeon in Bastille for firearms
- To make up for this loss of money, they taxed the people
- In 1788, the three estates (Clergy, Nobles, and the Common People) are called to the Estates
- General- had not met in 175 Years
- Meets on a Tennis Court at Versailles
- 3rd Estate breaks away and renames the “Estates-General” to National Assembly
- Makes a Tennis Court Oath to never stop meeting until France is given a Constitution
“Go tell your master that we are here by the will of the people, and that we shall be removed only by the point of the bayonet!“
-Mirabeau During the Revolution
- This was said to a Messenger sent by the King telling the Assembly to leave
- Fear that Louis will attack the Assembly
- The rioters travel to the Dungeon in Bastille for firearms
Declaration of the Rights of Man
- 1st Step towards a new Constitution
- Modeled the U.S. Declaration of Independence
- Listed Natural Rights, Freedom of Thought and Religion, Due Process of Law, Equality Under the Law, etc.
- Louis did not accept the new reforms
- Modeled the U.S. Declaration of Independence
- Listed Natural Rights, Freedom of Thought and Religion, Due Process of Law, Equality Under the Law, etc.
- Louis did not accept the new reforms
The Beginning of the Revolution
- Some people flee to avoid the horror in France
- Emigres told of the hardships in the country
- The Revolution split in two
1. Moderates
2. Radicals
- Radicals wish to fight for power and declare war
- Jacobins were middle-class Lawyers or Intellectuals
- The Jacobins gain control of the Assembly and form a Convention
- They meet in September of 1792 and form a new Legislative Body
- They Abolish Monarchy and Establish a French Republic
- King and Queen Arrested
- Louis XVI was convicted at a Convention and summoned to death by Guillotine on January 21, 1793
- Emigres told of the hardships in the country
- The Revolution split in two
1. Moderates
2. Radicals
- Radicals wish to fight for power and declare war
- Jacobins were middle-class Lawyers or Intellectuals
- The Jacobins gain control of the Assembly and form a Convention
- They meet in September of 1792 and form a new Legislative Body
- They Abolish Monarchy and Establish a French Republic
- King and Queen Arrested
- Louis XVI was convicted at a Convention and summoned to death by Guillotine on January 21, 1793
The Committee of Public Safety
- Set up by Convention
- Consists of 12 Members
- Prepared France for wars
- Developed tactics for winning battles
- Led by Maximilien Robespierre – Republic of Virtue and Peace
- Consists of 12 Members
- Prepared France for wars
- Developed tactics for winning battles
- Led by Maximilien Robespierre – Republic of Virtue and Peace
The Reign of Terror
- 1793-1794
- Death Sentences
- Marie Antoinette is Executed
- Guillotine
- 300,000 are arrested and 17,000 are Executed
- Nationalism begins to spread
- Robespierre promotes Religious Toleration
- Wants to abolish slavery
- Promotes Intolerable Laws
- Begins arresting other members of the Revolution
- Due to the way Robespierre spoke out against what many others believed at the time, the members of the convention execute Robespierre on July 27 1794
- After his death-The Moderates gain control
- Constitution of 1795 - Directory - 5 Man Committee
- Peace is made with Prussia and Spain
- The War with Austria and Great Britain Continues
- Corrupt leaders failed to solve any problems
- People are upset that the conditions of France are still decreasing
- Bread prices rise
- Revival of Royalists
- Revolts in the streets
- People turn to Napoleon
- Death Sentences
- Marie Antoinette is Executed
- Guillotine
- 300,000 are arrested and 17,000 are Executed
- Nationalism begins to spread
- Robespierre promotes Religious Toleration
- Wants to abolish slavery
- Promotes Intolerable Laws
- Begins arresting other members of the Revolution
- Due to the way Robespierre spoke out against what many others believed at the time, the members of the convention execute Robespierre on July 27 1794
- After his death-The Moderates gain control
- Constitution of 1795 - Directory - 5 Man Committee
- Peace is made with Prussia and Spain
- The War with Austria and Great Britain Continues
- Corrupt leaders failed to solve any problems
- People are upset that the conditions of France are still decreasing
- Bread prices rise
- Revival of Royalists
- Revolts in the streets
- People turn to Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte
- Born in Corsica
- Sent to France at age 9
- Became Lieutenant at age 20 during the Revolution
- He overthrows the Directory and renames himself the 1st Consul and 1st Consul for life
- He is now the King of France
- The French support him
- He Encourages new Industry
- Backed away from Social Reforms
- Made the Church under State Control
- Opened many more jobs
- Controls prices
- Emigres Return
Napoleonic Code
- This embodied the Age of Enlightenment Principles
- Undid the Reforms of the French Revolution
- Women lost rights
- Men gained all control
- Equality became before the law
- Religious Toleration
- Abolishes Feudalism
- Sent to France at age 9
- Became Lieutenant at age 20 during the Revolution
- He overthrows the Directory and renames himself the 1st Consul and 1st Consul for life
- He is now the King of France
- The French support him
- He Encourages new Industry
- Backed away from Social Reforms
- Made the Church under State Control
- Opened many more jobs
- Controls prices
- Emigres Return
Napoleonic Code
- This embodied the Age of Enlightenment Principles
- Undid the Reforms of the French Revolution
- Women lost rights
- Men gained all control
- Equality became before the law
- Religious Toleration
- Abolishes Feudalism
WAR
- Spain- Forceful Diplomacy
- Nationalism
- Hit and run raids- Guerilla Warfare
- Resist Foreign Rule
- The Duke of Wellington in Waterloo, Belgium teamed with a Prussian Armyto crush the French at the One-Day-Battle of Waterloo
- Equality became before the law
- Religious Toleration
- Abolishes Feudalism
- Nationalism
- Hit and run raids- Guerilla Warfare
- Resist Foreign Rule
- The Duke of Wellington in Waterloo, Belgium teamed with a Prussian Armyto crush the French at the One-Day-Battle of Waterloo
- Equality became before the law
- Religious Toleration
- Abolishes Feudalism
Napoleon Unites
- While in Russia, Napoleon tries to bring back the alliance between Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia against France
- He is defeated by the mass power and steps down from his Reign
- Louis XVIII is placed on the French Thrown- Legitimacy would later be restored
- Napoleon was forced to travel to St. Helena; a lonely island in the South Atlantic Ocean
- He is defeated by the mass power and steps down from his Reign
- Louis XVIII is placed on the French Thrown- Legitimacy would later be restored
- Napoleon was forced to travel to St. Helena; a lonely island in the South Atlantic Ocean
The Congress of Vienna
- They restored the stability in Europe
- Met for 10 Months
- Accomplished Peace
- Legitimacy is also restored along with the Monarchy in Europe (Which Napoleon had destroyed)
- Met for 10 Months
- Accomplished Peace
- Legitimacy is also restored along with the Monarchy in Europe (Which Napoleon had destroyed)
Historian Interview
Below is an interivew with a historian about Marie Antoinette. This interview provides up with a unique and different prespective on Marie Antoinette. When I first learned about Marie Antoinette I was astounded by how she was always protrayed in a negative way. After researching more I finally found another point of view. This video portrays her in a softer light. I thought about both of these point of views and decided which perspective of Marie Antoinette I agreed with best. After analyzing, I decided that Marie Antoinette should be shown in a negative way, but looking and analyzing both views helped me think and further understand the issue.
Decide for yourself by reading our site about Marie Antoinette and watching this video. Part 1 is shown below for the rest of the interview type video into youtube and enjoy.
Decide for yourself by reading our site about Marie Antoinette and watching this video. Part 1 is shown below for the rest of the interview type video into youtube and enjoy.